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The eight most common heavy machinery at ports and terminals

2025-08-18
Shore-to-shore container cranes
Shore-to-shore container cranes (also known as quay cranes) are the primary equipment for loading and unloading containers between container ships and the terminal. Some terminals also utilize the long span and outreach of quay cranes to directly perform yard operations. The loading and unloading capacity and speed of quay cranes directly determine terminal productivity, making them the primary equipment for port container loading and unloading. Quay cranes are constantly being upgraded with the rapid growth of larger container ships and technological advancements. Their technological content continues to increase, and they are developing towards larger sizes, higher speeds, automation, and intelligence, as well as high reliability, long lifespans, low energy consumption, and environmental friendliness.

Rubber-Tyred Container Gantry Cranes
Rubber-Tyred Container Gantry Cranes (commonly known as yard cranes) are specialized machinery used in large, specialized container yards, handling standard containers. They are suitable not only for container terminal yards but also for specialized container yards.

Container Spreaders
Container spreaders are large, specialized machines for loading, unloading, and transshipping containers. They are suitable for freight warehouses, water ports, and terminals. As specialized equipment, they offer high reliability, smooth operation, and high efficiency. Container spreaders are typically used in conjunction with other loading and unloading equipment, including shore-to-shore container cranes, rubber-tyred gantry cranes, rail-mounted gantry cranes, straddle carriers, and portal cranes.

Container reach stackers
A container reach stacker is a type of container handling machinery used for loading, unloading, stacking, and horizontal transport of containers. It offers high maneuverability, high efficiency, safety, reliability, ease of operation, and comfort, making it an ideal loading and unloading machine for cargo yards.

Ship loaders
Ship loaders are large-scale bulk material handling machines used for loading ships at bulk material terminals. Typically, a ship loader consists of a boom conveyor, a transition conveyor, a telescopic chute, a tail truck, a traveling mechanism, a gantry, a tower, a pitching mechanism, and a slewing mechanism. Large-scale port bulk material loading equipment plays a vital role in the rapid, stable, efficient, and continuous development of industries such as energy, power, metallurgy, and ports, especially in large-scale bulk material distribution centers.

Ship Unloaders
Ship unloaders are crucial loading and unloading equipment at the port's front end, playing a crucial role in system efficiency. Therefore, major ports select efficient and reliable ship unloaders based on the largest vessel types they can accommodate, in order to maximize system productivity. Currently, most ship unloaders at coal and ore terminals in my country are grab-type unloaders.

Empty Container Handlers
Empty Container Handlers are key equipment for container transportation. They are widely used for stacking and transshipping empty containers within ports, terminals, railway and highway transfer stations, and storage yards. They are an essential component for quay cranes, yard cranes, and reach stackers. They feature high stacking capacity, fast stacking and handling speeds, high efficiency, maneuverability, and space conservation.

Floating Cranes
A floating platform equipped with a crane can be moved to any desired location within the port, whether to berth or to an anchorage for cargo transshipment. Floating cranes are typically capable of lifting overweight cargo and are primarily used for loading and unloading large cargo. The vessel is equipped with a crane, with either fixed or rotating booms. The lifting capacity generally ranges from hundreds of tons to thousands of tons. It can also be used as a port engineering ship.
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